Growing and eating ground elder

What did the Romans ever do for us? Well, they introduced ground elder…

To many gardeners, this one fact alone is probably enough to condemn the entire 400-year Roman occupation of southern Britain out of hand. Ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria) is a perennial vegetable with a bad rep. Its combination of propagation by seed and by masses of spaghetti-like underground runners makes it an almost unstoppable spreader and very difficult to remove from ground once it is established. In parts of Australia and North America it is legally controlled as an invasive weed. All this adds up to a plant that is considered by most gardeners to be one of the worst weeds that there is.

ground elder

Of course, there is another way of looking at ground elder’s ebullient nature: it’s an edible plant that is very productive, grows strongly enough to outcompete any weeds, tolerates shade and poor soils and is found almost everywhere. One big question remains though: does it taste any good?

Many people will have read that ground elder is edible and nibbled a leaf speculatively, perhaps wondering whether they could eat the damn thing into submission. The result is usually not good. Mature ground elder leaves have a strong, unpleasant taste that invades the mouth and won’t let go, rather like the plants in a plot of ground. It’s a shame that this puts so many people off, because, picked and prepared properly, ground elder is actually very nice indeed.

The trick to ground elder is to pick only the youngest, freshest leaf shoots – before the leaf has even unfolded. At this stage they have a glossy, translucent green colour that helps you to pick them out. It is the petiole or leaf stem more than the leaves themselves that constitute the vegetable, so pick them off as low down as you can manage.

ground elder shoots

The simplest way to prepare ground elder is to fry it in olive oil until the leaves have wilted and the stem is tender and serve as a side dish. Even in more complicated dishes, frying is a good way of bringing out its flavour – as in this recipe.

Pernicious pasta (1 serving)
100 g dried linguine
half an onion, finely chopped
garlic
a few mushrooms, finely chopped
5 nettle tops
10-20 ground elder shoots
50-100 ml double cream
1 tsp stock powder
finely chopped herbs

Break the linguine in half so it is about the same length as the nettles and ground elder shoots (if the ground elder stems are particularly long, cut them in half too). Cook the linguine until nearly al dente and drain. For the rest, use the biggest frying pan you can find as you want to fry rather than steam the ingredients. Fry the onion or other alliums in olive oil for a couple of minutes. Add the garlic (if using wild garlic, chop in near the end) and mushrooms (ideally shiitake, otherwise cultivated) and fry for a couple of minutes more. Then add the nettle tops and fry for 5 minutes or so, followed by the ground elder stems and another 5 minutes frying. Add the linguine and stir. Then add the cream and a little water, a teaspoon of bouillon or other stock powder and fresh, finely-chopped herbs such as parsley, wild celery, Scots lovage and sweet cicely. Cook gently for a couple more minutes and serve.

ground elder pasta

If you want to grow ground elder, the simplest advice is probably – don’t. It is so common that it may well be easier to find a patch near your garden that you can forage from. You could possibly even manage it gently for greater production. If you use foraged ingredients then it goes without saying that you should wash them well, make sure they haven’t been sprayed and make sure you have positively identified them.

If foraging isn’t an option, or you’re feeling particularly brave, and you want to give growing it a try, you will have to bring in the big guns in terms of containment. You need a larger patch than can be contained in a pot sunk into the ground, so choose a bed and accept from the start that it will spread through the entire bed. The bed has to be bordered on all sides by GE-proof barriers, which is to say short mown grass, paving without lots of cracks or a woodchip path that is hoed regularly. All these barriers should be a metre or more wide as the runners can go a good distance underground.

You want to cut the whole stand down as soon as it starts to flower, both to encourage new shoot production and to prevent seeding, so you can’t mix it in with anything that won’t take being cut down in late spring. One option is to grow ground elder in a ‘thug bed’ with other strong growers such as wild garlic. The bed should be in fairly deep shade under a tree or wall. It is possible to get variegated ground elder, which is not quite such a strong grower. If you have ground elder in your garden, invited or uninvited, it is very important not to put fragments of it into your compost as this will spread it into other areas. I have a ‘toxics’ compost bin where persistent weeds like docks and ground elder and potential disease spreaders like potato haulms go for extended treatment.

ground elder

30 thoughts on “Growing and eating ground elder

  1. Vicky argyle

    Thank you for sharing. Will try this one out. What about the ground elder roots? They look so tasty too.

    Reply
  2. apscotland

    Thanks for this Alan. We’ve been enjoying fresh raw ground elder shoots in our salads for the last couple of weeks. I’ve never tried cooking it, but will give it a go!

    Reply
  3. a livo

    I had varigated ground elder and accidentally killed it off. Yeah, no kidding. In Colorado, lots of invasive plants barely hang in there, but what did it in was my mulching-in-place; ie. Raking dead leaves 5″ deep over the beds every fall. Killed my mint, too. They were in partial shade in heavy clay under and around a lilac.

    Reply
  4. felicity

    Just found this growing in my side alley picked some young stems tried it just as it was it was delicious sort of very slight aniseed cross celery flavour can’t believe I’ve had it twenty years never tried it

    Reply
    1. Mary Donnelly

      I had an elderly rabbit that developed arthritis. Regular feeding of this plant, also called goutweed, improved her condition a great deal. We also fed it to older chickens who ate it with great enthusiasm.

      Reply
  5. Wilks

    I have ground elder in my garden, did the Romans plant it here? There is evidence of some of kind ancient road nearby – a pair of ditches (crop marks) can be seen from Google Earth.

    Reply
    1. Alan Carter Post author

      Good question 🙂 I have no way of knowing the answer of course. Ground elder has certainly spread considerably since the Romans were here so probably not, but it’s a nice idea.

      Reply
  6. Vivi

    A few things:
    1. Be careful when foraging for ground elder in the wild (or more likely, in a park or cloister ruin): the other plants in the same family are highly poisonous. Ground elder is the only plant in the family with a triangular stem.
    2. Ground elder does not deal well with poor soil. It needs moist, humous-rich soil, which is why you’ll have more luck looking for it in a park or where the garden of a cloister once was, than in some random meadow. (Aside from the fact that it was grown intentionally in cloister gardens and old farms, both as a ‘hungry gap’ vegetable and for medicinal purposes.) In my garden (based on very sandy subsoil that once was a pine forest) it seems to prefer sticking to spots that either got the original soil switched out a foot deep with compost (e.g. for planting perennials) or that get a steady supply of leaf mulch left to rot down in place over winter. I’ve also found that it’s one of the few things that will grow under a walnut tree – in case someone wants to know.
    3. Maybe I have that “variegated” variant, but mine really doesn’t spread that badly. I let it grow wild in the full shade on the north side of a wall (including self-seeding) and from there it has spread some into the lawn / meadow. But despite not mowing, it doesn’t really manage to grow any taller than clover among the grass, so it doesn’t bother me. I’ve read that ground eld doesn’t like the full sunlight – maybe that’s why. In sunlit areas that I don’t water, it doesn’t even get big if it grows on compost-rich soil. The area that I harvest, and where the plants actually bloom, has a drainpipe lying alongside it that’s connected to a roof downspout, so it’s almost always well-watered.
    4. We originally got the ground elder because my father dragged it in with a large load of either compost or manure from his parents’ farm, over 30 years ago. But since I took over the garden management 10 years ago, I have never seen any of it in new raised beds or planters filled with our own compost. And I do not specially hot compost the roots and seeds or anything. Honestly, chickweed spreads much more easily, and dandelion roots or virginia creeper vines take far longer to die in the compost.
    5. You kill ground elder by either smothering the area for over a year under a black tarp, or steadily weeding ALL the shoots as they come up, thus depriving the roots of photosynthetic nourishment. Eventually, they die. Though admittedly, I’ve only ever tried this on small plants that come up between equally vigorous mint plants a few feet from the above mentioned wall. My mother says that’s how she cleaned the bed that originally was infested, though.
    6. The more mature leaves are perfectly edible cooked – as long as you harvest them before the plant blooms. At that point, the taste changes and they also start to work as a laxative. I always describe the taste as between spinach, parsley, and carrot greens, with perhaps a touch of celery. Maybe not for everyone, but I like it. I use mostly just the leaves, though, not the tougher stems. Either stir-fried like spinach, or in small amounts in root vegetale stew or to season potato mash in early spring, when the parsley isn’t growing much yet.
    That said, my ground elder looks a bit different than yours, at least compared to the picture in the end. Mine doesn’t have white patches on the leaves.

    Reply
  7. wooddogs3

    Enjoyed reading this post and its associated comments. The pictures are very helpful and make me realize that I’ve been letting mine mature too much before picking and cooking. I’ll try the youngest shoots this year.

    Reply
  8. Pamela Melcher

    Thank you all for interesting information. I love Ground Elder. Mine is starting to flower…are the flowers or seeds edible? If I cut the flowers back, will it then go back to not having a laxative effect? I have not eaten any since it started to flower.

    Reply
    1. Alan Carter Post author

      It might be interesting to try the seeds since the seeds of many related plants are used as spices, but I never have. In my garden I remove flowering stems as soon as they appear, mostly because I don’t want them to seed but also because they are excellent to eat while young. Removing the flowers won’t have much effect on the quality of the leaves but cutting the whole lot down around the time they start to flower is a good way to get a flush of new, fresh leaf stems.

      Reply
  9. Gorse

    I quite like ground elder, tastewise anyway. I’ve only ever foraged it and never had it anywhere I’ve gardened though, which would probably give me a different opinion of it! Does the variegated version taste exactly the same as the normal variety? If the roots are completely contained is it still just as prolific at spreading by seed? Love your website B.T.W

    Reply
    1. Alan Carter Post author

      The variegated variety tastes just the same as the regular form to me. I suspect it would spread quite happily by seed but I have never given it the chance – fortunately the flower shoots are just as nice to eat as the leaf shoots!

      Reply
  10. Roz

    When I moved into my wife’s place she had a huge plot of ground elder. After figuring out the right time to harvest it, we LOVE IT. We harvest as much as we can throughout spring and early summer and particularly like it in egg dishes like quiche and omelettes. I’ve even used it as full spinach substitutes in stuff like palak paneer. The complexity of flavor has me preferring it to spinach for cooked dishes most the time! I wouldn’t eat too much of it raw because of the texture – it’s slightly fuzzy. Awesome cooked, though – freezes well after you blanch and drain it, too!

    Reply
  11. (pat)Ricia S Banther

    hummmm, first time here…. hello from 9 miles by the way the crow flies from Stonehenge
    Appreciate all the comments, been trying to get around to cking up on ground elder. Headed out to now pick. I have got a 2 meter by 3 meter shady moist patch. I will blanched quick and freeze. Likely in ice cube trays for sm amount to add to things this Covid winter. dark humor -expecting to make it that far and only can get to where I can walk to for a long time to come. anything might become useful, esp if it is Green!
    No taste test yet, scrambling on many fronts.
    Coltsfoot almost did not get harvested quick enough…. but concentrates for later my usual cough syrup got frozen. 1st time messing around with cough drops eventually turned out OK (inc dried marshmallow root and licorice root, sorry no Latin today, loosing the sun shine.
    SpocksDaughter

    Reply
  12. armadillozenith

    Thanks for all this info! Ground elder is rife on my allotment plot and elsewhere and I was weeding the heads yesterday as a priority, so they wouldn’t set seed.
    I hadn’t known it was at all useful or edible, so will check the ID then if confirmed I’ll begin trying it.. There’s certainly plenty!

    Reply
  13. anglosvizzera

    I’m so pleased I found this page. I have been trying to get rid of the ground elder in my veggie patch for 8 years without success. I was on a foraging walk last Saturday and the chap teaching us mentioned that you could eat it! So today I had “Weeds on Toast” – a combination of sea kale that I picked on Saturday, ground elder leave and some wild garlic all wilted in butter. It was AMAZING! Thank you so much – I shall be picking it regularly now, along with the dandelions, three-cornered leek and whatever other edibles I find in the garden at this time of year.

    Reply
  14. Jeff Mills

    Thanks Alan!

    I look after a large garden bordering our 110 year old Vancouver building (with two helpers) and with food prices here in Canada absolutely outrageous, I have barred the other helpers from picking any ground elder all season – as I have been relentlessly cooking it – to add greens and improve our gut health.

    The stems and leaves (even in older plants) work very well in anything that you are eager to add moisture to when baking/roasting. I will throw it under fish, meats and veg and it adds a wonderful fresh lift to food – especially alongside fresh garlic. I also chuck it in soups and stocks. One tip is to roughly chop them up before throwing them in to avoid chomping through large mouthfulls of the stuff.

    The younger plants are delicious fresh and can be roughly treated in the same way as flat leaf parsley.

    I, for one, have been very thankful for this old weed, for keeping us healthy, FREE!

    Reply
  15. Lorene Benoit MHH

    GREAT info. I WILL add this to my herbal.profiles for herbal Intensives I teach on Vanc. ISLAND. YOU provided more info than a doctorate in plant medicines that worked for us a couple years ago! Thank you.

    Reply
  16. Lorene Benoit, MHH

    After more research, I am now more confused: any comment appreciated that ARE KNOWN TO BE CORRECT SCIENTIFICALLY and BOTANICALLY.

    Euphorbia marginata – annual species and looks a bit different from the invasive non-native Bishop’s Weed (Aegopodium podgraria), which you eat..

    “Snow on the mountain” is a common name that applies to both the native Euphorbia marginata and to the variegated leaf form of the non-native and invasive Aegopodium podagraria, which is also known as Invasive Goutweed and Bishop’s Weed.

    NOTE from a comment by ?Zerfa? on this site: https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/snow-on-the-mountain:
    “(Aegopodium podagraria) TO BE USED WITH CAUTION AS THEY ARE TOXIC…..Some people are more sensitive than others. Can cause burns of the skin and in extreme cases can even cause blindness.”

    To me, the flowers of these do not even look similar!

    Reply
    1. Gardener Post author

      Zerfas’s comment seems to apply to Euphorbia marginata, not A. podagraria. It is true of E. marginata and euphorbias in general, but not of A. podagraria. Common names often lead to this sort of confusion. This is why scientific names exist! For identification, get a good flora and learn to use it. Internet searches are NOT a substitute. Euphorbia and Podagraria are in completely different families and very easy to distinguish with a good guide.

      Reply

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